Adverse childhood events (ACEs) are stressful events that happen during childhood. Examples of ACEs include abuse, neglect, and parental separation. 

Children and young people impacted by ACEs often don’t know what it’s like to live in a safe and secure environment, so they may seek safety in inappropriate places.  Studies have shown that children who have experienced adverse childhood events are much more likely to be both victims and perpetrators of violent crimes. 

Youth club closures

A study by UNISON reported that a total of 1,243 council-run youth centres closed between 2010-2023, highlighting the critical decline of safe spaces that young people rely on for social interaction, skill development, and fun.  

A recent report on youth isolation highlighted that ‘93% of young people that attend a youth centre say it has made a positive difference to their lives’.  The loss of so many youth hubs places young people at risk of isolation and loneliness, making them vulnerable to being swept into gang culture or taking part in anti-social activities on the streets. 

Early intervention and support

Programmes across the UK are working to help reduce youth crime and improve outcomes for young people. The number of young first-time entrants into the youth justice system decreased in 2024 (Youth Justice Board, 2025).

The Youth Council looked a number of initiatives that are supporting young people. 

Safety4Kids uses peer mentors to help young people at risk of falling into organised crime.  How to avoid Trouble is a school-based safety awareness programme that provides 9–16-year-olds with the knowledge, skills, and ability to be aware of trouble and avoid it. Incorporating physical activity like mixed martial arts, it combines agility, discipline, and emotional regulation to teach young people across the UK about personal safety and how to stay away from crime. 

Key4Life From early intervention youth at risk programmes to young offenders prison workshops, Key4Life are on a mission to provide community-based support and solutions that reduce young people’s involvement in criminal activity. Working with young people facing socio-economic barriers, the charity aim to inspire young people from all backgrounds to follow a positive path and deter them from a life of violence.  

You can find a further list of interventions here:  https://www.ourwatch.org.uk/news/opinion-breaking-cycle-violence